Pilgrimage networks developed around places associated with the Buddha, important disciples, relics, monasteries and later Buddhist communities. Over centuries, routes expanded as Buddhism moved across South, Central, East and Southeast Asia.
The surviving archaeological sites show that pilgrimage was not limited to a single monument. Monasteries, stupas, roads, water systems, markets and teaching spaces supported religious travel.
Modern Buddhist tourism continues this networked character. A visitor may begin in Lumbini, travel through northern India and then continue to Bihar or other Buddhist heritage regions.
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